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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>Using aptitude from the command line</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="aptitude.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="aptitude user's manual"><link rel="up" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started"><link rel="prev" href="ch01s01s05.html" title="Updating the package list and installing packages"><link rel="next" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide"><link rel="preface" href="pr01.html" title="Introduction"><link rel="chapter" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started"><link rel="chapter" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide"><link rel="chapter" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. aptitude frequently asked questions"><link rel="chapter" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Credits"><link rel="reference" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re01.html" title="aptitude"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re02.html" title="aptitude-create-state-bundle"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re03.html" title="aptitude-run-state-bundle"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Using aptitude from the command line</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01s05.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 1. Getting started</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="secUsingCmdline"></a>Using aptitude from the command line</h2></div></div></div>
	In addition to its “visual” interface described in the
	previous section, aptitude can be used to manage packages
	directly from the command-line in the same way that you would
	use apt-get. This section covers the most common aptitude
	command-line actions; for more information, see <a class="link" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference">the aptitude command-line reference</a>.
 
	In general, a command-line invocation of aptitude will look
	like this:
 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> <code>action</code> [<code>arguments</code>...]</div>
	<code>action</code> tells aptitude what action
	it is to take; the remaining arguments are used in an
	option-specific fashion. Typically they will consist of
	package names and command-line switches<a href="#ftn.idp56641696" class="footnote" name="idp56641696">[4]</a>.
 
	The most important actions are:
 <div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> update </div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 This command updates the package lists, as if you had
	 entered the visual interface and pressed
	 u.
	 </dd><dt><a name="safeUpgrade"></a>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> safe-upgrade </div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 This command will upgrade as many packages as it can
	 upgrade without removing existing packages.
	 
	 It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order
	 to upgrade another; this command is not able to upgrade
	 packages in such situations. Use the <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#fullUpgrade"><code class="literal">full-upgrade</code></a>
	 command to upgrade those packages as well.
	 </dd><dt><a name="fullUpgrade"></a>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> full-upgrade </div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 Like <a class="link" href="ch01s02.html#safeUpgrade"><code class="literal">safe-upgrade</code></a>,
	 this command will attempt to upgrade packages, but it is
	 more aggressive about solving dependency problems: it
	 will install and remove packages until all dependencies
	 are satisfied. Because of the nature of this command,
	 it is possible that it will do undesirable things, and
	 so you should be careful when using it.
	 <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">
		For historical reasons, this command was originally
		named <code class="literal">dist-upgrade</code>, and that name
		is still recognized by aptitude.
	 </td></tr></table></div></dd><dt>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> [ install | remove | purge ] <code>pkg1</code> [<code>pkg2</code>...]</div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 These commands install, remove, or
	 purge<a href="#ftn.idp56669392" class="footnote" name="idp56669392">[5]</a> the specified packages.
	 “Installing” a package which is already installed but
	 can be upgraded will cause it to be upgraded.
	 </dd><dt>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> search <code>pattern1</code> [<code>pattern2</code>...]</div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 This command searches for packages whose name contains
	 any of the given <code>pattern</code>s,
	 printing the result to the terminal. In addition to
	 just being a string of text, each
	 <code>pattern</code> can be a search
	 pattern as described in <a class="xref" href="ch02s04.html" title="Search patterns">the section called “Search patterns”</a>.
	 <a href="#ftn.idp56677632" class="footnote" name="idp56677632">[6]</a> For instance, “<code class="literal">aptitude
	 search gnome kde</code>” will list all
	 packages whose name contains either
	 “<code class="literal">gnome</code>” or
	 “<code class="literal">kde</code>”.
	 </dd><dt>
	 <div class="cmdsynopsis"><code class="command">aptitude</code> show <code>pkg1</code> [<code>pkg2</code>...]</div>
	 </dt><dd>
	 Prints information about each
	 <code>pkg</code> to the terminal.
	 </dd></dl></div>
	The commands that install, upgrade, and remove packages all
	accept the parameter <code class="literal">-s</code>, which stands for “simulate”. When
	<code class="literal">-s</code> is passed on the command line, the program performs all
	the actions it would normally perform, but does not actually
	download or install/remove any files.
 
	aptitude will sometimes present a prompt like this:
 <pre class="screen">The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
 space-orbit-common 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 space-orbit space-orbit-common 
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
<code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code></pre>
	In addition to the obvious options of “Yes” and “No”, a number
	of commands are available which can be used to change the
	information displayed at the prompt, or to specify further
	actions. For instance, typing <code>s</code> will display or hide
	information about how much space each package will use:
 <pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code> <code>s</code>

Size changes will be shown.

The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
 space-orbit-common &lt;+8020kB&gt; 
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 space-orbit &lt;+393kB&gt; space-orbit-common &lt;+8020kB&gt; 
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
<code class="prompt">Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]</code></pre>
	Similarly, typing <code>d</code> will display information about
	automatically installed or removed packages:
 <pre class="screen">The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
 space-orbit-common (D: space-orbit)
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 space-orbit space-orbit-common 
0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.</pre>
	This shows that <code class="systemitem">space-orbit-common</code> is
	being installed because <code class="systemitem">space-orbit</code>
	depends on it. You can see the entire list of possible
	entries by entering <code>?</code> at the prompt.
 
	If your request violates dependencies in a way that cannot be
	trivially resolved, aptitude will ask you what to do:
 <pre class="screen">The following packages are BROKEN:
 libsdl1.2debian
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 libsdl1.2debian-alsa
.
.
.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

Install the following packages:
libsdl1.2debian-all [1.2.12-1 (unstable)]

Score is 41

<code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code></pre>
	Typing <code>y</code> (or simply pressing
	enter) will accept the proposed solution.
	Typing <code>n</code> will display the “next
	best” solution:
 <pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code> <code>n</code>
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

Install the following packages:
libsdl1.2debian-esd [1.2.12-1 (unstable)]

Score is 19

<code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code></pre>
	As with the main command-line prompt, you can perform a number
	of additional actions, including manually altering the states
	of packages, from the dependency resolution prompt. Type
	<code>?</code> to see a complete list.
 
	Typing <code>q</code> will abort the automatic
	resolver and allow you to resolve the dependencies manually:
 <pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]</code> <code>q</code>
aptitude failed to find a solution to these dependencies. You can solve them yourself by hand or type 'n' to quit.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libsdl1.2debian: Depends: libsdl1.2debian-alsa (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-all (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-esd (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-arts (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-oss (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-nas (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable or
 libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio (= 1.2.12-1) but it is not installable
Resolve these dependencies by hand? [N/+/-/_/:/?]</pre>
	You can use any of the package manipulation commands to
	resolve the broken dependencies (type <code>?</code>
	for a full list of the available commands). Type
	<code>n</code> or press enter to
	quit aptitude:
 <pre class="screen">Resolve these dependencies by hand? [N/+/-/_/:/?] n
Abort.</pre>
	For complete documentation of the command-line features of
	aptitude, see <a class="xref" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference">Command-line reference</a>.
 <div class="footnotes"> <hr style="width:100; text-align:left;margin-left: 0"><div id="ftn.idp56641696" class="footnote"><a href="#idp56641696" class="para">[4] </a>A
	“switch” is a letter preceded by a hyphen: for instance, “-a”,
	“-v”, etc.</div><div id="ftn.idp56669392" class="footnote"><a href="#idp56669392" class="para">[5] </a>Purging a package removes the
	 package, as well as all its configuration
	 files.</div><div id="ftn.idp56677632" class="footnote"><a href="#idp56677632" class="para">[6] </a>
		 In fact, the same is true of the commands that take
		 packages as arguments, such as
		 <code class="literal">install</code> or
		 <code class="literal">show</code>.
		</div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch01s01s05.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch01.html"><img src="images/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Updating the package list and installing packages </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="images/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide</td></tr></table></div></body></html>