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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>Search term reference</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="aptitude.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="aptitude user's manual"><link rel="up" href="ch02s04.html" title="Search patterns"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets"><link rel="next" href="ch02s05.html" title="Customizing aptitude"><link rel="preface" href="pr01.html" title="Introduction"><link rel="chapter" href="ch01.html" title="Chapter 1. Getting started"><link rel="chapter" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. aptitude reference guide"><link rel="chapter" href="ch03.html" title="Chapter 3. aptitude frequently asked questions"><link rel="chapter" href="ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Credits"><link rel="reference" href="rn01.html" title="Command-line reference"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re01.html" title="aptitude"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re02.html" title="aptitude-create-state-bundle"><link rel="refentry" href="rn01re03.html" title="aptitude-run-state-bundle"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Search term reference</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s04s04.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Search patterns</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s05.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="secSearchTermReference"></a>Search term reference</h3></div></div></div><p> <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s05.html#tableSearchTermQuickGuide" title="Table 2.3. Quick guide to search terms">Table 2.3, “Quick guide to search terms”</a> provides a brief summary of all the search terms provided by <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span>. A full description of each term can be found <a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermReferenceList">below</a>. </p><div class="table"><a name="tableSearchTermQuickGuide"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 2.3. Quick guide to search terms</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Quick guide to search terms" border="1"><colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Long form</th><th>Short form</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEqual">?=</a></code><em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em></code> </td><td> </td><td> Select the package bound to <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>; see <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNot">?not</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">!<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select any package that does not match <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAction">?action</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em>)</code> </td><td>~a<em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></td><td> Select packages that have been marked for the given <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> (e.g., <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">install</code></span>”</span> or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">upgrade</code></span>”</span>). </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAllVersions">?all-versions</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code> </td><td> </td><td> Select packages whose versions all match <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAnd">?and</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code> </td><td><em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em></td><td> Select any package that matches both <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAnyVersion">?any-version</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages for which at least one version matches <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchArchitecture">?architecture</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>architecture</code></em>)</code> </td><td>~r<em class="replaceable"><code>architecture</code></em></td><td> Select packages for the given architecture (such as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">amd64</code></span>”</span>, or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">all</code></span>”</span>). Special values: <code class="literal">native</code> and <code class="literal">foreign</code>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchArchive">?archive</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>archive</code></em>)</code> </td><td> <code class="literal">~A<em class="replaceable"><code>archive</code></em></code> </td><td> Select packages from the given archive (such as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">unstable</code></span>”</span>). </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAutomatic">?automatic</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~M</code></td><td> Select packages that were automatically installed. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBind">?bind</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td> <code class="literal">?<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>term-name</code></em>[<span class="optional">(<em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em>)</span>]</code> </td><td> Selects anything if <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> matches <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>; see <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBroken">?broken</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~b</code></td><td> Select packages that have a broken dependency. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenType">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~B<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></td><td> Select package that have a broken dependency of the given <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenTypeTerm">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~DB[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that have a broken dependency of the given <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchReverseBrokenDep">?broken-reverse-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~RB<code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> declares a broken dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchConflicts">?conflicts</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code> </td><td><code class="literal">~C<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that conflict with a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchConfigFiles">?config-files</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~c</code></td><td> Select packages that were removed but not purged. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~D[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Match packages that declare a dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> on a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDescription">?description</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~d<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages whose description matches <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEssential">?essential</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~E</code></td><td> Select essential packages, those with <code class="literal">Essential: yes</code> in their control files. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchExactName">?exact-name</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages named <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFalse">?false</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~F</code></td><td> Select no packages. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages that match <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> with <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> bound to the package being matched; see <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchGarbage">?garbage</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~g</code></td><td> Select packages that are not required by any manually installed package. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchInstalled">?installed</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~i</code></td><td>Select installed packages.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMaintainer">?maintainer</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~m<em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages maintained by <em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMultiArch">?multiarch</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>multiarch</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages with a multi-arch capability of <em class="replaceable"><code>multiarch</code></em> (that is, either <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">foreign</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">same</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">allowed</code></span>”</span>, or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">none</code></span>”</span>). </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNarrow">?narrow</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~S <em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages for which a single version matches both <em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~n<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>, <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages with the given <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNew">?new</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~N</code></td><td> Select new packages. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchObsolete">?obsolete</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~o</code></td><td> Match installed packages that cannot be downloaded. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchOr">?or</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that match <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>, or both. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchOrigin">?origin</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~O<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages with the given <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchProvides">?provides</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~P<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that provide a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchPriority">?priority</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~p<em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages with the given <em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchReverseDep">?reverse-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~R[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that are the targets of a dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> declared by a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchReverseBrokenDep">?reverse-broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~RB<code class="option"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</code><em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that are the targets of a broken dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> declared by a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchSection">?section</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~s<em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages in the given <em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchSourcePackage">?source-package</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages whose source package name matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchSourceVersion">?source-version</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages whose source version matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTag">?tag</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~G<em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that have the given debtags <em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTerm">?term</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Full-text search for packages that contain the given <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermPrefix">?term-prefix</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>)</code></td><td> </td><td> Full-text search for packages that contain a keyword that begins with the given <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTrue">?true</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~T</code></td><td> Select all packages. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTask">?task</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~t<em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages that are in the given <em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchUpgradable">?upgradable</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~U</code></td><td> Select packages that are installed and can be upgraded. </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchUserTag">?user-tag</a></code></code></td><td> </td><td> Select packages that are marked with a user-tag matching the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>user-tag</code></em>. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermVersion">?version</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~V<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em></code></td><td> Select packages whose version matches <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em> (special values: <code class="literal">CURRENT</code>, <code class="literal">CANDIDATE</code>, and <code class="literal">TARGET</code>). </td></tr><tr class="oddrow"><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchVirtual">?virtual</a></code></code></td><td><code class="literal">~v</code></td><td> Select virtual packages. </td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchWiden">?widen</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></td><td><code class="literal">~W<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></td><td> Select versions for which <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> matches any version of the corresponding package, discarding local version restrictions. </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><div class="variablelist"><a name="searchTermReferenceList"></a><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose names match the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. This is the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">default</span>”</span> search mode and is used for patterns that don't start with <code class="literal">~</code>. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> To match packages whose names contain several different substrings, use the <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code> term (described below); for instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>(apti)<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>(tude)</code></span>”</span> will match any package whose name contains <span class="emphasis"><em>both</em></span> <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">apti</code></span>”</span> and <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">tude</code></span>”</span>. </p></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><a name="searchEqual"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?=<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages that correspond to the value of <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>, which must be bound by an enclosing <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code>. For instance, <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> x: <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>( <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?recommends</a></code>( ?=x ) )</code> will match any package <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em> that depends on a package which recommends <em class="replaceable"><code>x</code></em>. </p><p> For instance, the following search expression matches packages that conflict with themselves: </p><div class="example"><a name="exampleSearchEqual"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.2. Use of the <code class="literal">?=</code> term. </b></p><div class="example-contents"><p> <code class="literal"> <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> x: <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchConflicts">?conflicts</a></code>(?=x) </code> </p></div></div><br class="example-break"><p> See <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a> for more information. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchNot"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?not(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">!<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which do <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> match the pattern <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?not(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBroken">?broken</a></code>)</code></span>”</span> selects packages that are not <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">broken</span>”</span>. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> To include a <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">!</span>”</span> in a search string, it must be <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">escaped</span>”</span> by placing a tilde (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">~</code></span>”</span>) in front of it; otherwise, <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> will consider it to be part of a <code class="literal">?not</code> term. For instance, to select packages whose description contains <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">extra!</code></span>”</span>, use <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDescription">?description</a></code>(extra~!)</code></span>”</span>. </p></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><a name="searchAnd"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?and(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages that match both <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchOr"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?or(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal"><em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> | <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages that match either <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> or <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> To use the character <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">|</span>”</span> in a regular expression, it must be <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">escaped</span>”</span> to prevent <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> from creating an OR term from it: <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">~|</code></span>”</span>. </p></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">opengl (perl|python)</code></span>”</span> matches any package whose name contains <code class="literal">opengl</code>, and also contains either <code class="literal">perl</code> or <code class="literal">python</code>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchAction"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?action(<em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~a<em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages upon which the given <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> is going to be performed. <em class="replaceable"><code>action</code></em> can be <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">install</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">upgrade</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">downgrade</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">remove</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">purge</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">hold</code></span>”</span> (tests whether a package has been placed on hold), or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">keep</code></span>”</span> (tests whether a package will be unchanged). </p><p> Note that this only tests whether an action is actually queued up to be performed on a package, not whether it <span class="emphasis"><em>could</em></span> be performed. Thus, for instance, <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAction">?action</a></code>(upgrade)</code> matches exactly those packages that you have already decided to upgrade, not packages which <span class="emphasis"><em>could</em></span> be upgraded in the future (for that, use <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchUpgradable">?upgradable</a></code></code>). </p></dd><dt><a name="searchAllVersions"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?all-versions(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches any package whose versions all match the given expression. Each version of a package will be separately tested against <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>, and the package will match if all of its versions match. Packages without versions, such as virtual packages, will always be matched by this search term. </p><p> This term may not be used in a context in which the versions to match against have already been narrowed, such as within <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code> or <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNarrow">?narrow</a></code>. However, it may always be used within <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchWiden">?widen</a></code>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchAnyVersion"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?any-version(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches a package if any one of its versions matches the enclosed pattern. This is the dual to <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchAllVersions">?all-versions</a></code>. </p><p> This term may not be used in a context in which the versions to match against have already been narrowed, such as within <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code> or <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNarrow">?narrow</a></code>. However, it may always be used within <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchWiden">?widen</a></code>. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> This term is closely related to <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNarrow">?narrow</a></code>. In fact, <code class="literal">?any-version(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code> is exactly the same as <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchNarrow">?narrow</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern1</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern2</code></em>)</code>. </p></td></tr></table></div></dd><dt><a name="searchArchitecture"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?architecture(<em class="replaceable"><code>architecture</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~r<em class="replaceable"><code>architecture</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches package versions for the given <em class="replaceable"><code>architecture</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?architecture(amd64)</code></span>”</span> matches <code class="literal">amd64</code> packages, while <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?architecture(all)</code></span>”</span> matches arch-independent packages. Also accepts the special values <code class="literal">native</code> and <code class="literal">foreign</code>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchArchive"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?archive(<em class="replaceable"><code>archive</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~A<em class="replaceable"><code>archive</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches package versions which are available from an archive that matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>archive</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?archive(testing)</code></span>”</span> matches any package available from the <code class="literal">testing</code> archive. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchAutomatic"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?automatic</code>, <code class="literal">~M</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which were automatically installed. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchBind"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?bind(<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">?<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>term-name</code></em>[<span class="optional">(<em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em>)</span>]</code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches any package or version if the given <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> matches the package or version bound to <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>, which must be defined in an enclosing <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code>. </p><div class="example"><a name="exampleSearchBind"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.3. Use of the <code class="literal">?bind</code> term</b></p><div class="example-contents"><p> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> x: <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> z: ?bind(x, <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEqual">?=</a></code>z))))</code> </p><p> <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> x: <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchFor">?for</a></code> z: ?x:<a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">depends</a>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEqual">?=</a></code>z)))</code> </p></div></div><br class="example-break"><p> The two search patterns in the above example both match any package <code class="literal">x</code> such that <code class="literal">x</code> depends on a package <code class="literal">y</code> which in turn depends on a package <code class="literal">z</code> such that <code class="literal">x</code> also depends directly on <code class="literal">z</code>. The first pattern uses <code class="literal">?bind</code> directly, while the second one uses an equivalent shorthand syntax. </p><p> See <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a> for more information. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchBroken"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?broken</code>, <code class="literal">~b</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages that are <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">broken</span>”</span>: they have an unfulfilled dependency, predependency, breaks, or conflict. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchBrokenType"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code>, <code class="literal">~B<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which have an unfulfilled (<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">broken</span>”</span>) dependency of the given <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>. <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> can be <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">depends</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">predepends</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">recommends</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">suggests</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">breaks</code></span>”</span>, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">conflicts</code></span>”</span>, or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">replaces</code></span>”</span>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchBrokenTypeTerm"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~DB[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages with an unsatisfied dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> on a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> may be any one of the dependency types listed in <a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenType">the documentation of <code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></a>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchConflicts"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?conflicts(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~C<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which conflict with a package matching the given <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?conflicts(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMaintainer">?maintainer</a></code>(dburrows@debian.org))</code></span>”</span> matches any package which conflicts with a package I maintain. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchConfigFiles"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?config-files</code>, <code class="literal">~c</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which have been removed, but whose configuration files remain on the system (ie, they were removed but not purged). </p></dd><dt><a name="searchDep"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~D[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> may be any one of the dependency types given in <a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenType">the documentation of <code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></a>, as well as <code class="literal">provides</code>: for instance, <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>(libpng3)</code> will match any package that depends on <code class="literal">libpng3</code>. If the short form (<code class="literal">~D</code>) is used and <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> is not present, it defaults to <code class="literal">depends</code>. </p><p> If <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> is <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">provides</code></span>”</span>, matches packages that provide a package matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> (the equivalent of <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchProvides">?provides</a></code>). Otherwise, matches packages which declare a dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> upon a package version which matches <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchDescription"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?description(<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~d<em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose description matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>description</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchEssential"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?essential</code>, <code class="literal">~E</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches Essential packages. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchExactName"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?exact-name(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages named <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. This is similar to <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>, but the name must match exactly. For instance, the following pattern will match only the package <code class="systemitem">apt</code>; with <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>, it would also match <code class="systemitem">aptitude</code>, <code class="systemitem">uvccapture</code>, etc. </p><div class="example"><a name="idSearchExactName"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.4. Use of the <code class="literal">?exact-name</code> term</b></p><div class="example-contents"><p> <code class="literal">?exact-name(apt)</code> </p></div></div><br class="example-break"></dd><dt><a name="searchFalse"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?false</code>, <code class="literal">~F</code></span></dt><dd><p> This term does not match any package. <a href="#ftn.idp58357584" class="footnote" name="idp58357584"><sup class="footnote">[18]</sup></a> </p></dd><dt><a name="searchFor"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?for <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>: <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>, but the given <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> may be used inside <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> to refer to the package or package version this term to. </p><p> You can use <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em> in two ways. To apply a <code class="literal">?</code>-style term to the variable, write <code class="literal">?<em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>:<em class="replaceable"><code>term-name</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>args</code></em>)</code>; for instance, <code class="literal">?x:<a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">depends</a>(apt)</code>. In addition, the term <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEqual">?=</a></code><em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em></code> will select any package or version that matches the value of the given <em class="replaceable"><code>variable</code></em>. </p><p> For instance, the following term will match any package <code class="literal">x</code> that both depends and recommends a second package <code class="literal">y</code>. </p><div class="example"><a name="exampleSearchFor"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.5. Use of the <code class="literal">?for</code> term</b></p><div class="example-contents"><p> <code class="literal"> ?for x: <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>( ?for y: ?x:<a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">recommends</a>( <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchEqual">?=</a></code>y ) ) </code> </p></div></div><br class="example-break"><p> See <a class="xref" href="ch02s04s04.html" title="Explicit search targets">the section called “Explicit search targets”</a> for more information. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchGarbage"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?garbage</code>, <code class="literal">~g</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which are not installed, or which were automatically installed and are not depended upon by any installed package. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchInstalled"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?installed</code>, <code class="literal">~i</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches package versions which are currently installed. </p><p> Since all versions are tested by default, this normally matches packages which are currently installed. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchMaintainer"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?maintainer(<em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~m<em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose Maintainer field matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>maintainer</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMaintainer">?maintainer</a></code>(joeyh)</code></span>”</span> will find all packages maintained by Joey Hess. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchMultiArch"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?multiarch(<em class="replaceable"><code>multiarch</code></em>)</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages with the multi-arch capability specified by <em class="replaceable"><code>multiarch</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMultiArch">?multiarch</a></code>(foreign)</code></span>”</span> will find all packages which can satisfy dependencies of packages for another architecture. <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchMultiArch">?multiarch</a></code>(none)</code></span>”</span> will select packages with no multi-arch capability. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchNarrow"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?narrow(<em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em>, <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~S <em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em> <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">narrows</span>”</span> the search to package versions matching <em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em>. In particular, it matches any package version which matches both <em class="replaceable"><code>filter</code></em> and <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. The string value of the match is the string value of <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTermName"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?name(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~n<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose name matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. For instance, most of the packages that match <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTermName">?name</a></code>(^lib)</code></span>”</span> are libraries of one sort or another. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchNew"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?new</code>, <code class="literal">~N</code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages which are <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">new</span>”</span>: that is, they have been added to the archive since the last time the list of packages was cleared using <span class="guimenu">Actions</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Forget new packages</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>f</strong></span></strong></span>) or the command-line action <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="rn01re01.html#cmdlineForgetNew">forget-new</a></code>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchObsolete"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?obsolete</code>, <code class="literal">~o</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term matches any installed package which is not available in any version from any archive. These packages appear as <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Obsolete or Locally Installed</span>”</span> in the visual interface. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchOrigin"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?origin(<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~O<em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches package versions whose origin matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">!?origin(debian)</code></span>”</span> will find any unofficial packages on your system (packages not from the Debian archive). </p></dd><dt><a name="searchProvides"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?provides(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~P<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches package versions which provide a package that matches the <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?provides(mail-transport-agent)</code></span>”</span> will match all the packages that provide <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">mail-transport-agent</code></span>”</span>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchPriority"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?priority(<em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~p<em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose priority is <em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em>; <em class="replaceable"><code>priority</code></em> must be <code class="literal">extra</code>, <code class="literal">important</code>, <code class="literal">optional</code>, <code class="literal">required</code>, or <code class="literal">standard</code>. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?priority(required)</code></span>”</span> matches packages whose priority is <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">required</code></span>”</span>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchReverseDep"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?reverse-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~R[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> may be either <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">provides</code></span>”</span> or one of the dependency types given in <a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenType">the documentation of <code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></a>. If <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> is not present, it defaults to <code class="literal">depends</code>. </p><p> If <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> is <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">provides</code></span>”</span>, matches packages whose name is provided by a package version matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>. Otherwise, matches packages which a package version matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> declares a dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> upon. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchReverseBrokenDep"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?reverse-broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">?broken-reverse-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~RB[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em>:</span>]<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> may be either <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">provides</code></span>”</span> or one of the dependency types given in <a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchBrokenType">the documentation of <code class="literal">?broken-<em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em></code></a>. If <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> is not present, it defaults to <code class="literal">depends</code>. </p><p> Matches packages which a package version matching <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> declares an unsatisfied dependency of type <em class="replaceable"><code>depType</code></em> upon. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchSection"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?section(<em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~s<em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em></code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose section matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>section</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchSourcePackage"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?source-package(<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>)</code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose source package name matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchSourceVersion"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?source-version(<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>)</code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose source version matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTag"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">?tag(<em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~G<em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages whose Tag field matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>. For instance, the pattern <code class="literal">?tag(game::strategy)</code> would match strategy games. </p><p> For more information on tags and debtags, see <a class="ulink" href="http://debtags.alioth.debian.org" target="_top">http://debtags.alioth.debian.org</a>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTask"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?task(<em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~t<em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em></code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches packages that appear in a task whose name matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>task</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTerm"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?term(<em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>)</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term performs a full-text search for <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em> in the apt package cache. When used with <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">aptitude search</code></span>”</span>, <a class="link" href="ch02s01s02.html#menuSearchLimit"><span class="guimenu">Search</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Limit Display</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>l</strong></span></strong></span>)</a> in the curses front-end, or typed into a package search box in the GTK+ front-end, this term will allow <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> to accelerate the search using a Xapian index. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTermPrefix"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?term-prefix(<em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>)</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term performs a full-text search for any keyword beginning with <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em> in the apt package cache. When used with <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">aptitude search</code></span>”</span>, <a class="link" href="ch02s01s02.html#menuSearchLimit"><span class="guimenu">Search</span> → <span class="guimenuitem">Limit Display</span> (<span class="shortcut"><strong><span class="keycap"><strong>l</strong></span></strong></span>)</a> in the curses front-end, or typed into a package search box in the GTK+ front-end, this term will allow <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span> to accelerate the search using a Xapian index. </p><p> This is similar to <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTerm">?term</a></code>, but matches extensions of the <em class="replaceable"><code>keyword</code></em>. For instance, the following search pattern will match any package indexed under the keywords <code class="literal">hour</code>, <code class="literal">hourglass</code>, <code class="literal">hourly</code>, and so on: </p><div class="example"><a name="exampleTermPrefix"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 2.6. Use of the <code class="literal">?term-prefix</code> term</b></p><div class="example-contents"><p> <code class="literal"> ?term-prefix(hour) </code> </p></div></div><br class="example-break"></dd><dt><a name="searchTrue"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?true</code>, <code class="literal">~T</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term matches any package. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchInstalled">?installed</a></code><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchProvides">?provides</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTrue">?true</a></code>)</code></span>”</span> matches installed packages which are provided by any package. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchUpgradable"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?upgradable</code>, <code class="literal">~U</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term matches any installed package which can be upgraded. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchUserTag"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?user-tag(<em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>)</code> </span></dt><dd><p> This term matches any package that is marked with a user-tag matching the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>tag</code></em>. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchTermVersion"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?version(<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~V<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em></code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches any package version whose version number matches the regular expression <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>, with the exceptions noted below. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?version(debian)</code></span>”</span> matches packages whose version contains <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">debian</code></span>”</span>. </p><p> The following values of <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em> are treated specially. To search for version numbers containing these values, preface the value with a backslash; for instance, to find packages whose version number contains <code class="literal">CURRENT</code>, search for <code class="literal">\CURRENT</code>. </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p> <code class="literal">CURRENT</code> matches the currently installed version of a package, if any. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> <code class="literal">CANDIDATE</code> matches the version, if any, of the package that will be installed if you press <span class="keycap"><strong>+</strong></span> on the package or run <code class="literal">aptitude install</code> on it. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p> <code class="literal">TARGET</code> matches the version of a package that is currently targeted for installation, if any. </p></li></ul></div><p> </p></dd><dt><a name="searchVirtual"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?virtual</code>, <code class="literal">~v</code> </span></dt><dd><p> Matches any package which is purely virtual: that is, its name is provided by a package or mentioned in a dependency, but no package of that name exists. For instance, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">?virtual!<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchProvides">?provides</a></code>(<code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTrue">?true</a></code>)</code></span>”</span> matches packages which are virtual and are not provided by any package: ie, packages which are depended upon but do not exist. </p></dd><dt><a name="searchWiden"></a><span class="term"> <code class="literal">?widen(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code>, <code class="literal">~W<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code> </span></dt><dd><p> <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Widens</span>”</span> the match: if the versions to match against have been limited by an enclosing term (such as <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchDep">?depends</a></code>), these limits are dropped. Thus, <code class="literal"><code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchWiden">?widen</a></code>(<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>)</code> matches a package version if <em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> matches <span class="emphasis"><em>any</em></span> version of that package. </p></dd></dl></div><div class="footnotes"><br><hr style="width:100; text-align:left;margin-left: 0"><div id="ftn.idp58357584" class="footnote"><p><a href="#idp58357584" class="para"><sup class="para">[18] </sup></a> This is provided largely for symmetry with <code class="literal"><a class="link" href="ch02s04s05.html#searchTrue">?true</a></code>. </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s04s04.html"><img src="images/prev.gif" alt="Prev"></a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02s04.html"><img src="images/up.gif" alt="Up"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ch02s05.html"><img src="images/next.gif" alt="Next"></a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Explicit search targets </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="images/home.gif" alt="Home"></a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Customizing <span class="command"><strong>aptitude</strong></span></td></tr></table></div></body></html>